Lithium Americas Corp. is a Canadian-based resource and materials company focused on developing, building and operating significant lithium deposits and chemical processing facilities.
The company’s flagship asset is Thacker Pass, a sedimentary-based lithium deposit located in the McDermitt Caldera in Humboldt County, in northern Nevada (‘Thacker Pass’ or the ‘Project’). Thacker Pass is owned by Lithium Nevada LLC (‘LN’), a wholly owned subsidiary of Lithium Nevada Ventures LLC (‘Lithium Nevada...
Lithium Americas Corp. is a Canadian-based resource and materials company focused on developing, building and operating significant lithium deposits and chemical processing facilities.
The company’s flagship asset is Thacker Pass, a sedimentary-based lithium deposit located in the McDermitt Caldera in Humboldt County, in northern Nevada (‘Thacker Pass’ or the ‘Project’). Thacker Pass is owned by Lithium Nevada LLC (‘LN’), a wholly owned subsidiary of Lithium Nevada Ventures LLC (‘Lithium Nevada Ventures’), the joint venture (‘JV’) between General Motors Holdings LLC (‘GM’) and the company (together, the ‘JV Partners’). The company owns a 62% interest in Thacker Pass and will manage the Project, and GM owns a 38% interest in Thacker Pass. The terms ‘LN’ and ‘LAC’ are used throughout the report to denote the owners of the Project.
The company also holds investments in Green Technology Metals Limited (‘GT1’) and Ascend Elements, Inc. (‘Ascend Elements’), and exploration properties in the U.S. and Canada.
Thacker Pass
Thacker Pass, located in Humboldt County in northern Nevada, is a sedimentary clay resource and the largest lithium Measured and Indicated Resource in the world. Thacker Pass is in the development stage undergoing earthworks to prepare for construction of the processing plants.
As of year-end 2024, approximately 719.3 acres have been disturbed at Thacker Pass in connection with the initial construction activities. Among other things, the plant site has been largely cleared, graded and prepared for the development of the lithium processing facility and sulfuric acid plant.
Thacker Pass is owned by a JV between LAC, which has a 62% ownership, and GM, which has a 38% ownership.
Thacker Pass is approximately 100 kilometers (‘km’) north-northwest of Winnemucca, Nevada, approximately 33 km west-northwest of Orovada, Nevada, and 33 km due south of the Oregon border. Access to Thacker Pass is via the paved U.S. Highway 95 and paved State Route 293; travel north on U.S.-95 from Winnemucca, Nevada, for approximately 70 km to Orovada, Nevada and then travel west-northwest on State Route 293 for 33 km toward Thacker Pass to the Thacker Pass site entrance. Driving time is approximately one hour from Winnemucca, and 3.5 hours from Reno.
The Thacker Pass area encompasses approximately 7,900 hectares (ha) and lies within and is surrounded by public lands administered by the BLM. The Thacker Pass mineral claims include the anticipated lithium claystone mining at the Thacker Pass deposit along with certain ancillary surface rights; the claims encompass an area previously referred to as the Stage I area of the Kings Valley Lithium Project. The surrounding area is sparsely populated and used primarily for ranching and farming.
Thacker Pass is expected to be developed initially in Phases 1 and 2, with further expansion possibility for an additional three phases. Lithium carbonate production from Phases 1 through 4 is designed for a nominal 40,000 t/y Li2CO3 capacity per phase. Phase 5 expansion will be introduced at the time of Phase 4 expansion when mined ore grade decreases resulting in available capacity in the lithium carbonate crystallization circuits constructed during the initial four phases. Total possible nominal capacity of Phases 1 through 5 would be 160,000 t/y Li2CO3. The process plant is expected to operate 24 hours/day, 365 days/year with an overall availability of 88% and a possible mine life of 85 years. The total amount of ore processed from the development of Phases1 through 5 would be 1,057 million metric tonnes (‘Mt’) (dry).
Phase 1 commenced construction in February 2023, following the receipt of all key state-level environmental permits and a federal Record of Decision (‘ROD’). Lithium Americas is working with Bechtel Infrastructure and Power Corporation (‘Bechtel’) who is responsible for the engineering, procurement and construction management (‘EPCM’) of Phase 1. Throughout 2023 and 2024, site preparation and early construction was ongoing, including:
Completed the first phase of major earthworks including site clearing and plant pad excavation;
Stockpiled all growth media for future reclamation;
Commissioned a water supply system consisting of a 6.6-mile pipeline, pumps and ponds;
Improved State Route 293 with acceleration and deceleration lanes, conforming to Nevada Department of Transportation specifications to improve safety and traffic flow for vehicles entering and exiting Thacker Pass; and
Completed site infrastructure including erection of temporary offices, fencing, security gates and systems.
In the fourth quarter of 2024, the company provided Bechtel and other major contractors with limited full notice to proceed (‘FNTP’) to de-risk the construction schedule and continue to target completion in late 2027. Declaring FNTP allowed engagement of additional contractors to advance the earthworks at an increased pace. Following a three-year construction period, completion is targeted for late 2027, Thacker Pass is expected to produce battery-quality lithium carbonate for the North American markets. The company anticipates achieving full capacity production in 2028.
Current activity at Thacker Pass, as of March 28, 2025, has been focused on preparing the site for major construction, which will start with permanent concrete placement targeted to start in May 2025.
The company has leased a parcel of land adjacent to the mainline railroad from the City of Winnemucca and purchased an adjacent property with access to State Route 796, approximately 60 miles from Thacker Pass, for the development of a transloading terminal (‘TLT’).
Thacker Pass is consisted of 2,694 unpatented mining claims and 30 mill site claims (together, the ‘Thacker Mining Claims’) owned or controlled by LN. LAC also owns 64.75 ha of private property in the Thacker Pass project area. LN is the record owner of the Thacker Mining Claims and LAC’s unpatented mineral claims in the Montana Mountains.
The company is approved by the Bureau of Land Management and the Nevada Division of Environmental Protection-Bureau of Mining, Regulation and Reclamation to conduct mineral exploration and construction activities at Thacker Pass in accordance with Permit No. N98582.
Thacker Pass is located within the McDermitt Volcanic Field, a volcanic complex with four large rhyolitic calderas that formed in the middle Miocene.
The McDermitt Volcanic Field is located within the southeastern-propagating swarm of volcanism from Steens Mountain into north-central Nevada. Thacker Pass is located within the largest and southeastern most caldera of the McDermitt Volcanic Field, the McDermitt Caldera.
Patents
The company owns U.S. Patent No. 12,188,107 B2 and Mexican Patent No. MX2021011625A, which relate to the economic concentration and extraction of lithium chemicals from sedimentary resources. The company also has pending applications in the United States, Canada, Chile, China and Europe, including applications relating to the processing of lithium clays and the separation of magnesium from lithium in sulfate brines as a benign material.
Government Regulations
Thacker Pass is located on public lands administered by the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management (‘BLM’).
All major federal, state and local permits and authorizations to commence Phase 1 operations have been achieved and there are no identified issues that would prevent the company from achieving all permits and authorizations for Phase 1 and 2 of Thacker Pass, or that may affect access, title, or the right or ability to perform work on the property. In addition to the BLM-approved Plan of Operations, the Nevada Division of Environmental Protection (‘NDEP’) has issued a Water Pollution Control Permit (‘WPCP’) and Class II Air Quality Operating Permit.
The company commenced construction at Thacker Pass for Phase 1 on February 28, 2023, following receipt of a notice to proceed from the BLM.
History
Lithium Americas Corp. was incorporated under the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia) in 2023.