Enact Holdings, Inc. (‘EHI’) operates as a private mortgage insurance company serving the United States housing finance market. The company operates in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. The company’s principal mortgage insurance customers are originators of residential mortgage loans, who typically determine which mortgage insurer or insurers they will use for the placement of mortgage insurance written on loans they originate.
As a private mortgage insurer, the company plays a critic...
Enact Holdings, Inc. (‘EHI’) operates as a private mortgage insurance company serving the United States housing finance market. The company operates in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. The company’s principal mortgage insurance customers are originators of residential mortgage loans, who typically determine which mortgage insurer or insurers they will use for the placement of mortgage insurance written on loans they originate.
As a private mortgage insurer, the company plays a critical role in the United States housing finance system. It is engaged in the business of writing and assuming residential mortgage guaranty insurance. The company facilitates the sale of mortgages to the secondary market, including to private investors, as well as the Federal National Mortgage Association (‘Fannie Mae’) and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (‘Freddie Mac’). Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac are government-sponsored enterprises (collectively referred to as the ‘GSEs’). Credit protection and liquidity through secondary market sales allow mortgage lenders to increase their lending capacity, manage risk, and expand financing access to prospective homeowners, many of whom are first-time home buyers (‘FTHBs’).
The company has a large and diverse customer base and maintains enduring relationships across the mortgage origination market, including with national banks, non-bank mortgage lenders, local mortgage bankers, community banks, and credit unions. In 2024, the company provided new insurance coverage to over 1,600 customers.
The company operates a majority of its business through its primary insurance subsidiary, Enact Mortgage Insurance Corporation (‘EMICO’). EMICO is an approved insurer by the GSEs. EMICO was renamed from Genworth Mortgage Insurance Corporation effective February 7, 2022.
The company also offers mortgage-related insurance and reinsurance through its wholly owned Bermuda-based subsidiary, Enact Re Ltd. (‘Enact Re’). As of December 31, 2024, Enact Re reinsured EMICO’s new and existing insurance in-force under quota share reinsurance agreements. The company’s operations also include a run-off insurance block with reference properties in Mexico (‘run-off business’), which is immaterial to its results.
Strategy
The company’s strategies are to deliver best-in-class underwriting to a well-established, deep, and diversified customer base; invest to increase differentiation, drive efficiencies, and enhance decision-making; and write profitable new business.
Competition
Private mortgage insurers: Private mortgage insurance competitors include Arch Capital Group Ltd., Essent Group Ltd., MGIC Investment Corporation, NMI Holdings, Inc., and Radian Group Inc. (public holding companies of competitors listed).
Products and Services
In general, there are two types of private mortgage insurance: primary and pool.
Primary Mortgage Insurance
Substantially all of the company’s policies are primary mortgage insurance, which provides protection on individual loans at specified coverage percentages. Primary mortgage insurance is placed on individual loans at the time of origination and is typically delivered to the company on a loan-by-loan basis. Primary mortgage insurance can also be delivered to the company on an aggregated basis, whereby each mortgage in a given loan portfolio is insured in a single transaction after the point of origination.
Customers who purchase the company’s primary mortgage insurance select a specific coverage level for each insured loan. To be eligible for purchase by a GSE, a Low-Down Payment Loan must comply with the coverage percentages established by that particular GSE. For loans not sold to the GSEs, the customer determines its desired coverage percentage. Generally, the company’s risk across all policies written is approximately 25% of the underlying primary insurance in-force (‘IIF’), but may vary from policy to policy, typically between 6% and 35% coverage.
The company files its premium rates, as required, with insurance departments of the U.S. states and the District of Columbia. Premium rates cannot be changed after the issuance of coverage. Premium payments for primary mortgage insurance coverage are typically made by the borrower and are referred to as borrower-paid mortgage insurance. Loans for which premiums are paid by the lender are referred to as lender-paid mortgage insurance. In either case, the payment of premium to the company is generally the responsibility of the insured.
Premiums are generally calculated as a percentage of the original principal balance and may be paid as follows: monthly, where premiums are paid on a monthly basis over the life of the policy; single, where the entire premium is paid upfront at the time the mortgage loan is originated; annually, where premiums are paid annually in advance for the subsequent 12 months; or split, where an initial lump sum premium is paid upfront at the time the mortgage is originated along with subsequent monthly payments.
In general, the company may not terminate mortgage insurance coverage except in the event of non-payment of premiums or certain material violations of the company’s mortgage insurance policies. The insured may cancel mortgage insurance coverage at any time at their option or upon mortgage repayment, which is accelerated in the event of a refinancing. However, in the case of loans sold to the GSEs, lender cancellation of a policy not eligible for cancellation under GSE guidelines may be in violation of the GSEs’ respective charters. GSE guidelines generally provide that a borrower meeting certain conditions may require the mortgage servicer to cancel mortgage insurance coverage upon the borrower’s request when the principal balance of the loan is 80% or less of the property’s current value. In addition to the GSE guidelines, HOPA provides an obligation for lenders to automatically terminate a borrower’s obligation to pay for mortgage insurance coverage once the LTV ratio reaches 78% of the original value, and also provides that a borrower may request cancellation of their obligation to pay for mortgage insurance when the LTV ratio reaches 80% of the original value. In addition, some states impose their own mortgage insurance notice and cancellation requirements on mortgage loan servicers.
Pool Mortgage Insurance
Pool mortgage insurance transactions provide coverage on a finite set of individual loans identified by the pool policy. Pool policies contain coverage percentages and provisions limiting the insurer’s obligation to pay claims until a threshold amount is reached (known as a ‘deductible’) or capping the insurer’s potential aggregate liability for claims payments (known as a ‘stop loss’) or a combination of both provisions. Pool mortgage insurance is typically used to provide additional credit enhancement for certain secondary market mortgage transactions. Pool insurance generally covers the excess of the loss on a defaulted mortgage loan that exceeds the claim payment under the primary coverage, if such loan has primary coverage, as well as the total loss on a defaulted mortgage loan that did not have primary coverage. In another variation, generally referred to as modified pool insurance, policies are structured to include both an exposure limit for each individual loan, as well as an aggregate loss limit or a deductible for the entire pool. Currently, the company has an insignificant amount of pool IIF.
Contract Underwriting Services
The company also performs fee-based contract underwriting services for its customers. Contract underwriting provides the company’s customers outsourced scalable capacity to underwrite mortgage loans. The company’s underwriters can underwrite the loan on behalf of its customers for both investor compliance and mortgage insurance, thus reducing duplicative activities and increasing its ability to write mortgage insurance for these loans. Under the terms of the company’s contract underwriting agreements, it indemnifies its customer against losses incurred in the event it makes material errors in determining whether loans underwritten by its contract underwriters meet specified underwriting or purchase criteria, subject to contractual limitations on liability.
Mortgage Insurance Portfolio
The majority of the company’s in-force exposures and all of its NIW are considered primary insurance, meaning the company insures the loss on each loan up to the coverage amount without any stop loss or deductible for that loss. The company’s remaining pool exposures are significantly seasoned and represent only 0.1% of total risk in-force (‘RIF’).
The company’s primary insurance portfolio is diversified through time. The distribution of the company’s exposure by book year is influenced by market size opportunities, its commercial strategies, and the persistency of its in-force policies. In 2021 and 2020, the company’s portfolio was impacted by low persistency, a large origination market, and commercial success in the market.
The company’s portfolio is diverse and representative of the United States origination market. It actively monitors its portfolio for concentrations at the state, metropolitan statistical area, and metropolitan division level, in addition to economic and performance trends in these markets. As of December 31, 2024, the company’s largest state concentration was in California, which represented 12% of primary RIF. The company’s largest Metropolitan Statistical Area (‘MSA’) or Metro Division (‘MD’) is the Phoenix, AZ, MSA, which represents 3% of primary RIF.
Customers
The company’s long-standing industry presence has enabled it to build active customer relationships with over 1,600 mortgage lenders across the United States. The company’s customers are broadly diversified by size, type, and geography and include large money center banks, non-bank lenders, national and local mortgage bankers, community banks, and credit unions. The company’s largest customer accounted for 20% of total NIW and 11% of its total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2024. The company’s top five customers generated 34% of its NIW in 2024.
Sales and Marketing
The company’s sales and marketing efforts are designed to help it establish and maintain in-depth, quality customer relationships. The company distributes its mortgage insurance products through a dedicated sales force located throughout the United States, its inside sales representatives, and a digital marketing program designed to expand its reach beyond its sales force. The breadth and depth of relationships across all areas of the company’s customers’ operations serve as a differentiator for its mortgage insurance platform and also enable it to form strategic partnerships with other mortgage service providers seeking to expand their distribution reach.
The company supports its sales force and improves their effectiveness in acquiring new customers by raising its brand awareness through advertising and marketing campaigns, website enhancements, digital communication strategies, and sponsorship of industry and educational events. The company’s digital marketing capabilities position it to serve the company’s decentralized market with targeted, personalized messages that help drive a preference for its offering.
The company also offers a separate mortgage insurance policy underwritten by its wholly owned subsidiary, Enact Mortgage Insurance Corporation of North Carolina (‘EMIC-NC’), to insure primary individually underwritten residential mortgage loans, as well as portfolios of residential mortgage loans at or after origination that are not intended for sale to the GSEs. As EMIC-NC is not a GSE approved insurer, it is not subject to the requirements mandated by PMIERs, providing the company operating flexibility and strategic optionality if the private label MBS market increases.
The company has long-standing relationships with the mortgage industry’s technology platforms and service providers, along with a technology integration team that allows it to quickly customize loan delivery solutions for its customers. The company’s customer technology program enables Enact to provide customers an easy way to quote and order its mortgage insurance products, either through its ordering and rate quote website or directly with their preferred systems.
Regulation
State insurance laws and regulations govern most aspects of the company’s insurance business and are enforced by the insurance departments of each jurisdiction in which its insurers are licensed, with the North Carolina Department of Insurance (‘NCDOI’) being the lead regulator for its North Carolina domiciled insurers. The company’s insurance products and business also are affected by federal, state, and local laws, including tax laws. The company’s Bermuda domiciled insurer, Enact Re, is subject to Bermuda law and is subject to regulation by the Bermuda Monetary Authority (‘BMA’).
Certain of the company’s insurance subsidiaries are subject to the Insurance Holding Company Act in North Carolina and are required to furnish various types of information concerning the operations of, and the interrelationships and transactions among, companies within its holding company system that may affect the operations, management, or financial condition of the insurers within such holding company system. Under state insurance laws and regulations, its insurance subsidiaries must file reports, including detailed annual and quarterly financial statements, with the insurance regulator in North Carolina and the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (‘NAIC’), and the company’s operations and accounts are subject to periodic or target examination by any insurance regulator of a jurisdiction in which it conducts business.
Under PMIERs, the company is subject to these operational and financial requirements.
The company and other private mortgage insurers are impacted by federal regulation of residential mortgage transactions with respect to mortgage originators and lenders, purchasers of mortgage loans, such as Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, and governmental insurers, such as the FHA and the VA. Mortgage origination and servicing transactions are subject to compliance with various state and federal laws, including, but not limited to, the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act of 1974 (‘RESPA’), Homeowners Protection Act of 1998 (HOPA), Fair Credit Reporting Act (‘FCRA’), the Fair Housing Act, the Truth In Lending Act, the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999 (the ‘GLB Act’), and the Dodd-Frank Act.
Subject to limited exceptions, the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act of 1974 (‘RESPA’) precludes the company from providing services to mortgage lenders or other settlement service providers free of charge, charging fees for services that are lower than their reasonable or fair market value, and paying fees for services that others provide that are higher than their reasonable or fair market value.
With respect to the company’s business, the GLB Act is enforced by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) and state insurance regulators, and the FCRA is enforced by the CFPB. The company is required to file an annual certification of compliance with the New York State Department of Financial Services (‘NYDFS’) regarding its cybersecurity program.
History
The company was founded in 1981. It was incorporated in Delaware in 2012. The company was formerly known as Genworth Mortgage Holdings, Inc. and changed its name to Enact Holdings, Inc. in 2021.