T1 Energy Inc. (T1) provides energy solutions for solar and batteries in the United States and Norway. The company manufactures and sells photovoltaic (PV) solar modules in the United States for its U.S. customers.
The company's PV solar module manufacturing facility in Wilmer, TX (G1 Dallas) is operating and is expected to have an installed base of five gigawatts (5 GW) per annum after the expected completion of equipment commissioning in 2025. T1 produces PV solar modules that employ highly e...
T1 Energy Inc. (T1) provides energy solutions for solar and batteries in the United States and Norway. The company manufactures and sells photovoltaic (PV) solar modules in the United States for its U.S. customers.
The company's PV solar module manufacturing facility in Wilmer, TX (G1 Dallas) is operating and is expected to have an installed base of five gigawatts (5 GW) per annum after the expected completion of equipment commissioning in 2025. T1 produces PV solar modules that employ highly energy-efficient Passivated Emitter and Rear Contact (PERC), and Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact (TOPCon) technologies.
Strategy
The company's strategy is grounded in the view that the world needs more sources of reliable, affordable, and clean energy in all forms to satisfy global demand growth and eliminate energy poverty. The company intends to help solve this problem by investing in its planned American manufacturing projects, building new capacity, creating new jobs, and delivering U.S.-made solar equipment that is critical to global energy infrastructure development.
Operations: Investing in U.S. Manufacturing
G1 Dallas
G1 Dallas is the company’s first operating solar module manufacturing facility and is located in Wilmer, Texas. The plant has a total annual nameplate production capacity of 5 GW and is located on a 1.3 million square foot property.
The company is in the process of ramping up production while it finalizes installation and commissioning of production line equipment. The facility features seven assembly lines that will produce three different types of PV solar modules for utility, commercial and industrial (C&I) and residential scale applications. These modules include the Trina TSM-NEG19RC.20 and the Trina TSM-DEG21C.20 modules, which will be used for utility-scale projects, and the Trina TSM-NE09RC.05 module for C&I and residential-scale uses. The facility’s total annual nameplate capacity of 5 GW is expected to consist of approximately 4.5 GW of utility-scale capacity and approximately 0.5 GW of annual C&I and residential-scale module capacity.
All the production lines can be configured to manufacture utility-scale, C&I, and residential products using either of Trina’s leading-edge PERC or TOPCon technologies, providing operational and commercial flexibility. The team from Trina that has joined T1 has deep experience working with its equipment suppliers, which is expected to result in efficient installation, commissioning, and production processes under strict quality control guidelines. The company is ramping up production and expects to achieve full production in H2 2025.
G2 Austin
On March 17, 2025, the company announced the selection of a 100-acre site in Milam, County, Texas for its planned 5 GW solar cell manufacturing facility. Upon securing the required debt and equity financing for the facility, it plans to start construction in Q2 or Q3 2025 with targeted first production in Q4 2026.
The U.S. solar cell production facility is core to the company's U.S. commercial strategy. Once the company has completed the cell facility, it intends to utilize its U.S. manufactured cells to produce PV solar modules at G1 Dallas, thereby increasing the domestic content percentage of its products. Enhancing the company's domestic content is expected to:
Provide its customers with opportunities to capture additional financial bonuses under the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (the IRA); and
Enhance the commercial value of the company’s integrated U.S. commercial enterprise.
Advanced PV Solar Modules
The Trina TSM-NEG19RC.20 module uses 132 monocrystalline silicon half-cut TOPCon cells in a bifacial dual-glass construction. The frame depth is 30mm, which differs from the industry standard thickness of 35mm. Although the company markets intelligence indicates that the thin frame is emerging in terms of design and technology.
The Trina TSM-DEG21C.20 module utilizes 132 monocrystalline silicon half-cut-cells in a bifacial dual-glass construction. The design, technology, warranty periods and performance specifications of this module are similar to other commercially available modules.
The Trina TSM-NE09RC.05 module uses 144 monocrystalline silicon third-cut cells in a monofacial glass/backsheet construction. This module also has similar design, technology, warranty periods and performance specifications to that of other commercially available modules present in the market.
Markets and Customers
The company is exclusively focusing its commercial strategy on the U.S. solar market, which exhibits strong industry fundamentals, including the emergence of power intensive technologies, such as artificial intelligence and crypto-currencies, supportive public policy that insulates the U.S. from global solar equipment market volatility, and robust customer demand for high domestic content solar equipment.
The company is supplying the U.S. solar market with PV solar modules, and it plans to expand into domestic solar cell production with the development of G2 Austin. As of late 2024, over a third of all active interconnection requests across the U.S. power grid were tied to solar plus storage projects. The company is focused on addressing this commercial opportunity and establishing a competitive advantage by becoming the first U.S. company to produce and offer turnkey U.S. produced solar and battery solutions to U.S. utility and project development customers with domestically manufactured technologies.
The company sells its PV solar modules to utility-scale developers, C&I, and residential end users. The flexibility of its U.S. solar module facility, G1 Dallas, enables the company to change its mix of production across Trina’s leading-edge technologies and end user applications to optimize product sales in accordance with market dynamics and customer demand patterns. The company intends to apply this customer-focused approach to develop strategic partnerships with key customers as it pursues vertical integration beyond the G1 Dallas platform in the United States.
Commercial Agreements
Module Operational Support Agreement
On December 23, 2024, the company signed an agreement with Trina Solar (U.S.), Inc., a Delaware corporation (TUS), to support the operations of its solar module manufacturing facility (Module Operational Support Agreement).
Sales Agency and Aftermarket Services Agreement
On December 23, 2024, TUM 1 signed a sales agency and aftermarket services agreement with TUS pursuant to which TUS will handle the marketing and sales of solar energy modules made by or for TUM 1. These modules will be branded with trademarks licensed under a separate agreement between TCZ and TUM 1, effective from July 16, 2024.
Potential Manufacturing Site Updates
Georgia Land
The company owns 368 acres of land in Coweta County, Georgia. It entered into a binding agreement to sell the land in January 2025, and the sale was completed in February 2025.
European Assets
Under the terms of the Transaction Agreement, within six months of closing, the company agreed to use reasonable efforts to dispose, divest, transfer or otherwise sell the assets and operations that constitute its European business.
Giga Arctic
In June 2022, prior to the passage of the IRA, the company formally sanctioned the construction of Giga Arctic, a 120,000 square meter gigafactory in Mo i Rana, Norway. In 2023, the company substantially completed groundworks and certain foundation structures, erected, secured, and weatherized the initial building, which is 86,000 square meters, and then suspended work on the planned gigafactory.
Competition
The company’s competitors in the U.S. solar manufacturing market include established and emerging solar equipment manufacturers, the largest of which are First Solar (FSLR), Canadian Solar (CSIQ), JinkoSolar (JKS), and Hanwha Qcells.
Government Regulation and Incentives
The company is subject to certain workplace safety requirements, such as the Occupational Health and Safety Administration in the United States and the Norwegian health, safety and environment requirements in Norway.
History
The company was formerly known as FREYR Battery, Inc. and changed its name to T1 Energy Inc. in February 2025.