Flagstar Financial, Inc. operates as the bank holding company for Flagstar Bank, N.A. that provides various banking products and services.
The company operates various locations across ten states, including strong footholds in the Northeast and Midwest and exposure to markets in the Southeast, Southwest and California. In addition, the bank has approximately 80 private banking teams located in over ten cities in the metropolitan New York City region and on the West Coast, which serve the needs...
Flagstar Financial, Inc. operates as the bank holding company for Flagstar Bank, N.A. that provides various banking products and services.
The company operates various locations across ten states, including strong footholds in the Northeast and Midwest and exposure to markets in the Southeast, Southwest and California. In addition, the bank has approximately 80 private banking teams located in over ten cities in the metropolitan New York City region and on the West Coast, which serve the needs of high-net worth individuals and their businesses.
The market for the loans the company originates varies, depending on the type of loan. For example, the vast majority of the company’s multi-family loans are collateralized by rental apartment buildings in New York City, while the majority of the properties collateralizing its commercial real estate and acquisition, development, and construction loans are located in the Northeast and Midwest. The company’s commercial and industrial loans, including specialty finance, are originated nationally to middle-market and mid-sized companies.
Multi-Family Loans
The majority of the company’s multi-family loans are non-recourse and are secured by rental apartment buildings. The company focuses on originations and renewal retention on borrowers with whom it will have broader customer relationships beyond lending.
Historically, the company’s multi-family loans may have contained an initial interest-only period; however, they were underwritten on a fully amortizing basis, including calculation of the debt service coverage ratio. Whether a borrower qualified for an interest-only period was based on the individual credit profile of the borrower, particularly the loan-to-value of the property.
The company continues to monitor its loans held for investment portfolio and the related allowance for credit losses, particularly, given the economic pressures facing the commercial real estate and multi-family markets.
Commercial Real Estate
Certain of the company’s commercial real estate loans may contain an interest-only period which typically does not exceed three years; however, these loans are underwritten on a fully amortizing basis, including calculation of the debt service coverage ratio. Whether a borrower qualifies for an interest-only period is based on the individual credit profile of the borrower, particularly the loan-to-value of the property.
Substantially all commercial real estate loans the company originates are non-recourse and are secured by income-producing properties, such as office buildings, retail centers, mixed-use buildings, and multi-tenanted light industrial properties.
Acquisition, Development and Construction Loans
The company offers ADC loans. Because ADC loans are generally considered to have a higher degree of credit risk, especially during a downturn in the credit cycle, borrowers are required to provide a guarantee of repayment and completion. When applicable, as a condition to closing an ADC loan, it is the company’s practice to require that properties meet pre-sale or pre-lease requirements prior to funding.
Commercial and Industrial Loans
The commercial and industrial loans the company produces are primarily made to small, mid-size, and larger corporate operating businesses and finance companies across a diverse set of industries. Such loans are tailored to meet the specific needs of the company’s borrowers, and include term loans, demand loans, and revolving lines of credit.
A broad range of commercial and industrial loans, both collateralized and unsecured, are made available to businesses for working capital (including inventory and accounts receivable), business expansion, the purchase of machinery and equipment, and other general corporate needs. In determining the term and structure of commercial and industrial loans, several factors are considered, including the purpose, the collateral, and the anticipated sources of repayment. Commercial and industrial loans are often secured by business assets and personal guarantees of the borrower and include financial covenants to monitor the borrower’s financial stability. The specialty finance loans and leases the company funds fall into three categories: asset-based loans, dealer floor-plan lending and equipment loan and lease financing. Each of these credits is secured with a perfected first security interest in, or outright ownership of, the underlying collateral, and structured as senior debt or as a non-cancelable lease.
One-to-Four Family Loans
One-to-four family loans include various types of conforming and non-conforming fixed and adjustable-rate loans underwritten using Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac guidelines for the purpose of purchasing or refinancing owner occupied and second home properties. The loan-to-value requirements on the company’s residential first mortgage loans vary depending on occupancy, property type, loan amount, and FICO scores. Loans with loan-to-value ratios exceeding 80 percent are required to obtain mortgage insurance.
On October 31, 2024, the bank completed the sale of third-party loan origination and servicing platforms and the majority of the company’s mortgage servicing right assets.
Other Loans
The company offers home equity lines of credit and other consumer loans, including overdraft loans. The company’s home equity portfolio includes home equity loans, second mortgage loans, and home equity line of credits.
Deposits
As of December 31, 2024, the company’s deposits included interest-bearing checking and money market accounts; savings accounts; certificates of deposit; and non-interest-bearing accounts.
Investment Portfolio
As of December 31, 2024, the company’s investment portfolio included mortgage-related debt securities, such as government-sponsored enterprise (GSE) certificates, GSE collateralized mortgage obligations (CMOs), and private label collateralized mortgage obligations (CMOs); and Other Debt Securities, such as GSE debentures, asset-backed securities, municipal bonds, corporate bonds, foreign notes, and capital trust notes.
Subsidiary Activities
The company conducts business primarily through its wholly owned bank subsidiary, Flagstar Bank, N.A and through certain direct subsidiaries of the bank and indirect wholly owned non-bank subsidiaries of the company. The company owns special business trusts that were formed for the purpose of issuing capital and common securities and investing the proceeds thereof in the junior subordinated debentures issued by it.
Regulation and Supervision
The bank is a national banking association, subject to federal regulation and oversight by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC). The activities of the bank are limited to those specifically authorized under the National Bank Act and related interpretations of the OCC.
The company is also subject to regulation and examination by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), which insures the deposits of the bank to the extent permitted by law and the requirements established by the Federal Reserve. The bank is also subject to the supervision of the CFPB, which regulates the offering and provision of consumer financial products or services under federal consumer financial laws.
As a bank holding company, the company is required to comply with the rules and regulations of the Federal Reserve. The company is required to file certain reports, and the company is subject to examination by, and the enforcement authority of, the Federal Reserve. Under the federal securities laws, the company is also subject to the rules and regulations of the SEC.
The deposits of the bank are insured up to applicable limits by the Deposit Insurance Fund.
The company is subject to examination, regulation, and periodic reporting under the BHCA, as administered by the Federal Reserve Board (FRB).
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 generally prohibits loans by the company to its executive officers and directors.
The bank is subject to the Bank Secrecy Act (‘BSA’) and other anti-money laundering laws and regulations, including the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act, commonly referred to as the ‘USA PATRIOT Act’ or the ‘Patriot Act’.
The bank is also required to comply with the U.S. Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control imposed economic sanctions that affect transactions with designated foreign countries, nationals, individuals, entities and others.
The company’s anti-money laundering program is also designed to prevent the company’s products from being used to facilitate business in certain countries or territories, or with certain individuals or entities, including those on designated lists promulgated by the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Controls and other U.S. and non-U.S. sanctions authorities.
The Gramm Leach Bliley Act requires financial institutions to periodically disclose their privacy practices and policies relating to sharing such information and enable retail customers to opt out of the company’s ability to share certain information with affiliates and non-affiliates for marketing and/or non-marketing purposes, or to contact customers with marketing offers.
The company is also subject to examination by Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae), FHA and VA to assure compliance with the applicable regulations, policies and procedures.
The bank is a member of the FHLB-NY (Federal Home Loan Bank of New York). As a member of the FHLB-NY, the bank is required to acquire and hold shares of FHLB-NY capital stock.
The bank is subject to oversight by the CFPB (Consumer Financial Protection Bureau) within the Federal Reserve System. The company’s mortgage banking business is subject to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (‘HUD’), the Federal Housing Administration (FHA), the Veterans’ Administration (‘VA’) and Fannie Mae with respect to originating, processing, selling and servicing mortgage loans.
The company’s common stock and certain other securities listed are registered with the SEC under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the ‘Exchange Act’). The company is subject to the information and proxy solicitation requirements, insider trading restrictions, and other requirements under the Exchange Act.
History
The company was founded in 1859. The company was incorporated in 1993. The company was formerly known as New York Community Bancorp, Inc. and changed its name to Flagstar Financial, Inc. in October 2024.