Genworth Financial, Inc. (Genworth Financial), through its principal insurance subsidiaries, offers mortgage and long-term care insurance products.
Genworth Financial is the parent company of Enact Holdings, Inc. (Enact Holdings), a provider of private mortgage insurance in the United States through its mortgage insurance subsidiaries. Genworth Financial’s legacy U.S. life insurance subsidiaries offer long-term care insurance and also manage in-force blocks of life insurance and annuity product...
Genworth Financial, Inc. (Genworth Financial), through its principal insurance subsidiaries, offers mortgage and long-term care insurance products.
Genworth Financial is the parent company of Enact Holdings, Inc. (Enact Holdings), a provider of private mortgage insurance in the United States through its mortgage insurance subsidiaries. Genworth Financial’s legacy U.S. life insurance subsidiaries offer long-term care insurance and also manage in-force blocks of life insurance and annuity products that are no longer sold. Genworth Financial also has a start-up business whereby it offers fee-based services, advice, consulting and other aging care products and services through CareScout.
The company reports its business results through three segments: Enact, Long-Term Care Insurance, and Life and Annuities. In addition to the company’s three segments, the company reports certain of its results of operations in Corporate and Other.
Strategic Priorities
The company’s strategic priorities are to continue to create shareholder value through Enact’s growing market value and capital returns; continue to make progress on the company’s strategic priority to maintain self-sustaining, customer-centric legacy U.S. life insurance subsidiaries, including the company’s long-term care insurance, life insurance and annuity businesses; and drive future growth through CareScout with consumer-focused aging care services and funding solutions.
Enact segment
Through Enact Holdings and its mortgage insurance subsidiaries, the company provides private mortgage insurance products and services in the United States and operates in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. Enact is engaged in the business of writing and assuming residential mortgage guaranty insurance. The insurance covers a portion of the unpaid principal balance of mortgage loans where the loan amount exceeds 80% of the value of the home (‘low down payment mortgages’ or ‘high loan-to-value mortgages’) and protects lenders and investors against certain losses resulting from nonpayment of loans secured by mortgages, deeds of trust or other instruments constituting a first lien on residential real estate. Private mortgage insurance facilitates the sale of mortgages to the secondary market, including to private investors, as well as the Federal National Mortgage Association (‘Fannie Mae’) and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (‘Freddie Mac’). Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac are government-sponsored enterprises and are collectively referred to as the ‘GSEs.’ Credit protection and liquidity through secondary market sales allow mortgage lenders to increase their lending capacity, manage risk and expand financing access to prospective homeowners, many of whom are first time home buyers. At present, mortgage insurance products are primarily geared towards secondary market sales to the GSEs. Enact’s mortgage insurance products predominantly insure prime-based, individually underwritten residential mortgage loans.
Enact also offers mortgage-related insurance and reinsurance through its wholly owned Bermuda-based subsidiary, Enact Re Ltd. (‘Enact Re’). As of December 31, 2024, Enact Re reinsures new and existing insurance in-force of Enact Mortgage Insurance Corporation (‘EMICO’), Enact Holdings’ principal U.S. mortgage insurance subsidiary, under quota share reinsurance agreements. Enact Re also invests in new business opportunities for Enact, including assumption of excess of loss reinsurance relating to GSE risk share.
Products and services
Enact offers the following mortgage insurance products:
Primary Mortgage Insurance
Substantially all of Enact’s policies are primary mortgage insurance, which provides protection on individual loans at specified coverage percentages. Primary mortgage insurance is placed on individual loans at the time of origination and is typically delivered to Enact on a loan-by-loan basis. Primary mortgage insurance can also be delivered to Enact on an aggregated basis, whereby each mortgage in a given loan portfolio is insured in a single transaction after the point of origination.
Customers who purchase primary mortgage insurance select a specific coverage level for each insured loan. A customer may choose the coverage percentage established by a GSE in order to be eligible for purchase by that particular GSE or for loans not sold to the GSEs, the customer determines its desired coverage percentage. Generally, Enact’s risk across all policies written is approximately 25% of the underlying primary insurance in-force, but may vary from policy to policy, typically between 6% and 35% coverage. The loan amount and coverage percentage determine Enact’s risk in-force on each insured loan.
Enact files premium rates, as required, with the insurance departments of the U.S. states and the District of Columbia.
Pool Mortgage Insurance
Pool mortgage insurance transactions provide coverage on a finite set of individual loans identified by the pool policy. Pool policies contain coverage percentages and provisions limiting the insurer’s obligation to pay claims until a threshold amount is reached (known as a ‘deductible’) or capping the insurer’s potential aggregate liability for claims payments (known as a ‘stop loss’) or a combination of both provisions. Pool mortgage insurance is typically used to provide additional credit enhancement for certain secondary market mortgage transactions. Pool insurance generally covers the excess of the loss on a defaulted mortgage loan that exceeds the claim payment under the primary coverage, if such loan has primary coverage, as well as the total loss on a defaulted mortgage loan that did not have primary coverage. In another variation, generally referred to as modified pool insurance, policies are structured to include both an exposure limit for each individual loan, as well as an aggregate loss limit or a deductible for the entire pool. Enact has an insignificant amount of pool insurance in-force.
Contract Underwriting Services
Enact also performs fee-based contract underwriting services for its customers. Contract underwriting services provide customers outsourced scalable capacity to underwrite mortgage loans. Enact’s underwriters can underwrite the loan on behalf of its customers for both investor compliance and mortgage insurance, thus reducing duplicative activities and increasing Enact’s ability to write mortgage insurance for these loans. Under contract underwriting agreement terms, Enact agrees to indemnify its customers against losses incurred in the event it makes material errors in determining whether loans underwritten by its contract underwriters meet specified underwriting or purchase criteria, subject to contractual limitations. As a result, Enact assumes credit and processing risk in connection with its contract underwriting services.
Distribution and Customers
Enact distributes its mortgage insurance products through a dedicated sales force located throughout the United States, including inside sales representatives. Enact’s sales force utilizes a digital marketing program designed to expand its customer reach beyond traditional sales. Enact’s sales force primarily markets to financial institutions and mortgage originators that impose a requirement for mortgage insurance as part of the borrower’s financing.
Enact’s industry presence has enabled it to build active customer relationships with mortgage lenders across the United States. Enact’s customers are broadly diversified by size, type and geography and include large money center banks, non-bank lenders, national and local mortgage bankers, community banks and credit unions. Enact’s principal mortgage insurance customers are originators of residential mortgage loans who typically determine which mortgage insurer or insurers they will use for the placement of mortgage insurance written on loans they originate.
For the year ended December 31, 2024, Enact’s largest customer accounted for 20% of its new insurance written and 11% of its total revenues, with 34% of its new insurance written attributable to its largest five lender customers.
Competition
Enact and other private mortgage insurers compete for mortgage insurance business directly with the U.S. federal agencies, principally the Federal Housing Administration (‘FHA’) and the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (‘VA’).
Long-Term Care Insurance segment
The company’s Long-Term Care Insurance segment includes long-term care insurance products that are intended to protect against the significant and escalating costs of long-term care services provided in the insured’s home or assisted living or nursing facilities. The company offers individual long-term care insurance policies to customers who contact the company directly (subject to state availability); however, the company no longer accept applications for new group long-term care insurance policies but will accept new applications and issue new coverage certificates on current open group cases on certain group policy forms. The company established itself as a leader in long-term care insurance over 40 years ago and remains a leading insurer.
As part of the company’s strategy for its long-term care insurance business, and in connection with the company’s strategic priority to maintain self-sustaining, customer-centric legacy U.S. life insurance subsidiaries, the company has been implementing, and expect to continue to pursue, significant premium rate increases and associated benefit reductions on older generation blocks of business in order to reduce the strain on earnings and capital. The company is also requesting premium rate increases and associated benefit reductions on newer blocks of business, as needed, some of which will be significant, to help bring these blocks closer to their original pricing.
Life and Annuities segment
The company services a variety of protection and retirement income products through its principal U.S. life insurance subsidiaries. The company’s Life and Annuities segment includes traditional and non-traditional life insurance (term, universal and term universal life insurance, as well as corporate-owned life insurance and funding agreements), fixed annuities, and variable annuities. The company has not actively sold its life insurance and fixed annuity products since 2016 and the company’s variable annuity products since 2011.
Corporate and Other
Corporate and Other includes the results of other businesses that are not individually reportable, such as CareScout and certain international businesses.
Operations and Technology
Service and Support
Enact Holdings and its U.S. mortgage insurance subsidiaries have introduced technology enabled services to help their customers (lenders and servicers), as well as consumers (borrowers and homeowners). Enact Holdings heavily relies upon information technology, and a number of critical aspects are highly automated. The company’s U.S. life insurance subsidiaries heavily rely upon information technology to support and improve their overall operations. Enact Holdings and the company’s U.S. life insurance subsidiaries both accept insurance applications, issue approvals, process claims and reconcile premium remittance through electronic submissions. For Enact Holdings, in order to facilitate these processes, direct connections have been established with many of its customers’ and servicers’ systems to enable the selection of its mortgage insurance products and to allow for direct communication. Enact Holdings and the company’s U.S. life insurance subsidiaries also provide their customers secure access to their web-based portals to facilitate transactions and provide customers with access to their account information. Enact Holdings and the company’s U.S. life insurance subsidiaries regularly upgrade and enhance their systems and technology in an effort to achieve their goals of expanding their capabilities, improve productivity and enhance the customer experience.
Operating Centers
The company has established scalable, efficient operating centers for its U.S. life insurance subsidiaries in Virginia and for Enact Holdings in North Carolina. In addition, through an arrangement with an outsourcing provider, the company has a team of professionals in India and the Philippines who provide a variety of services primarily to the company’s U.S. life insurance subsidiaries and certain corporate functions, including data entry, transaction processing and functional support.
In June 2022, the company outsourced operational servicing of its life insurance and fixed annuity blocks to a third-party servicer. In connection with the outsourcing, the company is converting certain administrative systems to those used by the third-party servicer over the next few years, with a targeted completion date in 2026. In 2024, the company completed the first phase of the conversion, moving the company’s term and whole life insurance products on one legacy system to the third-party servicer. There was no impact to the servicing of the company’s long-term care insurance products because they were not a part of the third-party outsourcing agreement.
Investments
The company manages its assets to meet diversification, credit quality, yield and liquidity requirements of the company’s policy and contract liabilities by investing primarily in fixed maturity securities, including government, municipal and corporate bonds and mortgage-backed and other asset-backed securities. The company also holds commercial mortgage loans, limited partnerships, equity securities and other invested assets, which include derivatives, bank loans and short-term investments.
Regulation
The company’s insurance operations are subject to a wide variety of laws and regulations. The U.S. state insurance laws and regulations (‘Insurance Laws’) regulate most aspects of the company’s U.S. insurance businesses, and the company’s U.S. insurers are regulated by the insurance departments of the states in which they are domiciled and licensed. The company’s non-U.S. insurance operations are principally regulated by insurance regulatory authorities in the jurisdictions in which they are domiciled. The company’s insurance products and businesses are also affected by the U.S. federal, state and local tax laws, and the tax laws of non-U.S. jurisdictions. The company’s securities operations, including the company’s insurance products that are regulated as securities, such as variable annuities, are subject to the U.S. federal and state securities laws and regulations. The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (‘SEC’), Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, state securities authorities and similar non-U.S. authorities regulate and supervise these products.
Each of the company’s U.S. insurers is subject to Insurance Laws that require diversification of its investment portfolio and limit the proportion of investments in different asset categories. The investments made by the company’s U.S. insurers comply with these Insurance Laws.
Subject to limited exceptions, the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act of 1974 precludes the company’s U.S. mortgage insurance subsidiaries from providing services to mortgage lenders or other settlement service providers free of charge, charging fees for services that are lower than their reasonable or fair market value, and paying fees for services that others provide that are higher than their reasonable or fair market value.
The Dodd-Frank Act established a framework of regulation of over-the-counter (‘OTC’) derivatives markets which requires the company to pledge highly liquid securities or cash to meet initial and variation margin requirements for most interest rate derivatives the company trades.
The California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018 (the ‘CCPA’) is applicable to portions of the company’s business and was significantly amended by the California Privacy Rights Act of 2020 (‘CPRA’).
The company is required to file an annual certification of compliance with the New York State Department of Financial Services regarding the company’s cybersecurity program.
History
Genworth Financial, Inc. was founded in 1871. The company was incorporated in Delaware in 2003.