Citigroup Inc. (‘Citigroup’ and ‘Citi’) operates as a global diversified financial services holding company.
The company provides consumers, corporations, governments, and institutions with a broad, yet focused, range of financial products and services, including consumer banking and credit, corporate and investment banking, securities brokerage, trade and securities services, and wealth management. Citi does business in nearly 160 countries and jurisdictions.
Segments
Citigroup is managed pu...
Citigroup Inc. (‘Citigroup’ and ‘Citi’) operates as a global diversified financial services holding company.
The company provides consumers, corporations, governments, and institutions with a broad, yet focused, range of financial products and services, including consumer banking and credit, corporate and investment banking, securities brokerage, trade and securities services, and wealth management. Citi does business in nearly 160 countries and jurisdictions.
Segments
Citigroup is managed pursuant to five operating segments: Services, Markets, Banking, Wealth, and the U.S. Personal Banking.
Services
Services includes Treasury and Trade Solutions (TTS) and Securities Services. TTS provides an integrated suite of tailored cash management, payments, and trade and working capital solutions to multinational corporations, financial institutions, and public sector organizations. Securities Services provides a comprehensive product offering, connecting clients to global markets across the entire investment cycle, including on-the-ground local market expertise, post-trade technologies, customized data solutions, and a wide range of securities services solutions.
Services revenue is generated primarily from spreads and fees associated with these activities. Services earns spread revenue through generating deposits, as well as interest on loans. Revenue generated from these activities is primarily recorded in Net interest income. Fee income is earned for assisting clients with transactional services and clearing. Revenue generated from these activities is recorded in Commissions and fees. Revenue is also generated from assets under custody and administration, and is recognized when the associated service is provided by Citi. Revenue generated from these activities is primarily recorded in Administration and other fiduciary fees.
Markets
Markets provides corporate, institutional, and public sector clients around the world with a full range of sales and trading services across equities, foreign exchange, rates, spread products, and commodities. The range of services includes market-making across asset classes, risk management solutions, financing, and prime brokerage.
As a market maker, Markets facilitates transactions, including holding product inventory to meet client demand, and earns the differential between the price at which it buys and sells the products. These price differentials and the unrealized gains and losses on the inventory are recorded in Principal transactions. Fee revenue is earned through providing clients with a range of services, including but not limited to trading, financing, brokerage, securitization, and underwriting. Other primarily includes realized gains and losses on available-for-sale (AFS) debt securities, gains and losses on equity securities not held in trading accounts, and other non-recurring gains and losses. Interest income earned on assets held, less interest paid on long- and short-term debt, secured funding transactions, and customer deposits, is recorded as Net interest income.
The amount and types of Markets revenues are impacted by a variety of interrelated factors, including market liquidity; changes in market variables, such as interest rates, foreign exchange rates, equity prices, commodity prices, and credit spreads, as well as their implied volatilities; investor confidence; and other macroeconomic conditions. Markets revenues include revenues earned by Citi that are subject to a revenue sharing arrangement with Banking—Corporate Lending for Investment Banking, Markets, and Services products sold to Corporate Lending clients.
Markets’ international presence is supported by trading floors in approximately 80 countries and a proprietary network in several countries and jurisdictions.
Banking
Banking includes Investment Banking, which supports clients’ capital-raising needs to help strengthen and grow their businesses, including equity and debt capital markets-related strategic financing solutions and loan syndication structuring, as well as advisory services related to mergers and acquisitions, divestitures, restructurings, and corporate defense activities; and Corporate Lending, which includes corporate and commercial banking, serving as the conduit for Citi’s full product suite to clients.
Banking revenues include revenues earned by Citi that are subject to a revenue sharing arrangement for Investment Banking, Markets, and Services products sold to Corporate Lending clients.
Wealth
Wealth includes the Private Bank, Wealth at Work, and Citigold businesses, and provides financial services to a range of client segments, including affluent, high net worth, and high net worth clients through banking, lending, mortgages, investment, custody, and trust product offerings in various countries, including the U.S., Mexico, and four wealth management centers: Singapore, Hong Kong, the UAE, and London. Private Bank provides financial services to high net worth clients through customized product offerings. Wealth at Work provides financial services to professional industries (including law firms, consulting groups, accounting, and asset management) through tailored solutions. Citigold and Citigold Private Client provide financial services to affluent and high net worth clients through elevated product offerings and financial relationships.
The U.S. Personal Banking
The U.S. Personal Banking (USPB) includes Branded Cards and Retail Services, with proprietary credit card portfolios (Value, Rewards, and Cash) and co-branded card portfolios (including Costco and American Airlines) within Branded Cards, and co-brand and private label relationships within Retail Services (including, among others, The Home Depot, Best Buy, Macy’s, and Sears). USPB also includes Retail Banking, which provides traditional banking services to retail and small business customers. In December 2024, Citi announced a 10-year extension and expansion of its co-branded credit card partnership with American Airlines. In addition, Citi reached an agreement to acquire the Barclays American Airlines co-branded card portfolio.
As of December 31, 2024, USPB had hundreds of retail bank branches concentrated in the various key metropolitan areas of New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Washington, D.C., and Miami.
Loans
Corporate Loans
Corporate loans represent loans and leases managed by Services, Markets, Banking, and the Mexico SBMM component of All Other—Legacy Franchises.
As of December 31, 2024, the company’s corporate loans in North America offices included commercial and industrial loans, financial institutions loans, mortgage and real estate loans, installment and other loans, and lease financing loans; and in offices outside North America included commercial and industrial loans, financial institutions loans, mortgage and real estate loans, installment and other loans, and lease financing loans.
Consumer Loans
Consumer loans represent loans and leases managed primarily by USPB, Wealth, and All Other—Legacy Franchises (except small business and middle-market banking operations in Mexico (Mexico Consumer/SBMM)).
As of December 31, 2024, the company’s consumer loans in North America offices included residential first mortgages loans, home equity loans, credit cards, and personal, small business, and other loans; and in offices outside North America included residential first mortgages loans, credit cards, and personal, small business, and other loans.
Investments
Debt Securities Available-for-Sale
As of December 31, 2024, the company’s debt securities available-for-sale are mortgage-backed securities, including the U.S. government-sponsored agency guaranteed, residential, and commercial; U.S. treasury and federal agency securities, including the U.S. treasury; state and municipal; foreign government; corporate; asset-backed securities; and other debt securities.
Deposits
As of December 31, 2024, the company’s deposits in the U.S. offices included non-interest-bearing deposits and interest-bearing deposits; and deposits in offices outside the U.S. included non-interest-bearing deposits and interest-bearing deposits.
Supervision And Regulation
Citigroup is a registered bank holding company and financial holding company, and is regulated and supervised by the Federal Reserve Board (FRB). Citigroup’s nationally chartered subsidiary banks, including Citibank, are regulated and supervised by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC).
The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) also has examination authority for banking subsidiaries whose deposits it insures. Overseas branches of Citibank are regulated and supervised by the FRB and OCC, and overseas subsidiary banks by the FRB. These overseas branches and subsidiary banks are also regulated and supervised by regulatory authorities in the host countries. In addition, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau regulates consumer financial products and services. Citi is also subject to laws and regulations concerning the collection, use, sharing, and disposition of certain customer, employee, and other personal and confidential information, including those imposed by the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, the Fair Credit Reporting Act, and the EU General Data Protection Regulation.
Citi conducts securities underwriting, brokerage, and dealing activities in the U.S. through Citigroup Global Markets Inc. (CGMI), its primary broker-dealer, and other broker-dealer subsidiaries, which are subject to regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, and certain exchanges. Citi conducts similar securities activities outside the U.S., subject to local requirements, through various subsidiaries and affiliates, principally Citigroup Global Markets Limited in London (CGML), which is regulated principally by the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority and Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA), and Citigroup Global Markets Japan Inc. in Tokyo, which is regulated principally by the Financial Services Agency of Japan.
Citi also has subsidiaries that are members of futures exchanges and derivatives clearinghouses. In the U.S., CGMI is a member of the principal U.S. futures exchanges and clearinghouses, and Citi has subsidiaries that are registered as futures commission merchants and commodity pool operators with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC).
Citibank, CGMI, Citigroup Energy Inc., Citigroup Global Markets Europe AG (CGME), and CGML are also registered as swap dealers with the CFTC. CGMI is also subject to SEC and CFTC rules that specify uniform minimum net capital requirements. Compliance with these rules could limit those operations of CGMI that require the intensive use of capital, and also limits the ability of broker-dealers to transfer amounts of capital to parent companies and other affiliates.
History
Citigroup Inc. was founded in 1812.