National Grid plc engages in the transmission and distribution of electricity and gas in Great Britain and the northeastern U.S.
Segments
The company operates through six segments: UK Electricity Transmission, UK Electricity Distribution, UK Electricity System Operator, New England, New York, and National Grid Ventures.
UK Electricity Transmission
The UK Electricity Transmission segment principally generates revenue by providing electricity transmission services in England and Wales. The com...
National Grid plc engages in the transmission and distribution of electricity and gas in Great Britain and the northeastern U.S.
Segments
The company operates through six segments: UK Electricity Transmission, UK Electricity Distribution, UK Electricity System Operator, New England, New York, and National Grid Ventures.
UK Electricity Transmission
The UK Electricity Transmission segment principally generates revenue by providing electricity transmission services in England and Wales. The company’s business operates as a monopoly regulated by Ofgem.
The transmission of electricity encompasses the following principal services:
The supply of high-voltage electricity – revenue is recognized based on usage. The company’s performance obligation is satisfied over time as its customers make use of the company’s network. The company bills monthly in advance and its payment terms are up to 60 days; and
Construction work (principally for connections) – revenue is recognized over time, as the company provides access to its network. Customers can either pay over the useful life of the connection or up front. Where the customer pays up front, revenues are deferred as a contract liability and released over the life of the asset.
UK Electricity Distribution
The UK Electricity Distribution segment principally generates revenue by providing electricity distribution services in the Midlands and Southwest of England and South Wales. Similar to UK Electricity Transmission, UK Electricity Distribution operates as a monopoly in the jurisdictions that it operates in and is regulated by Ofgem.
The distribution of electricity encompasses the following principal services:
Electricity distribution – revenue is recognized based on usage by customers (over time), based upon volumes and price. Revenues are billed monthly, and payment terms are typically within 14 days; and
Construction work (principally for connections) – revenue is recognized over time as the company provides access to its network. Where the customer pays up front, revenues are deferred as a contract liability and released over the life of the asset.
UK Electricity System Operator
The company disposed of the UK Electricity System Operator on 1 October 2024. Prior to its disposal and the formation of the NESO, the UK Electricity System Operator earned revenue for balancing supply and demand of electricity on Great Britain’s electricity transmission system, where it acted as principal.
The UK Electricity System Operator also collected revenues on behalf of transmission operators, principally National Grid Electricity Transmission plc and the Scottish and Offshore transmission operators, from users (electricity suppliers) who connect to or use the transmission system. As the UK Electricity System Operator acted as an agent in this capacity, transmission network revenues were recorded net of payments to transmission operators.
New England
The New England segment principally generates revenue by providing electricity and gas supply and distribution services and high-voltage electricity transmission services in New England. Supply and distribution services are regulated by the Massachusetts Department of Public Utilities (MADPU) and transmission services are regulated by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), both of whom regulate the rates that can be charged to customers.
The supply and distribution of electricity and gas and the provision of electricity transmission facilities encompasses the following principal services:
Electricity and gas supply and distribution and electricity transmission – revenue is recognized based on usage by customers (over time). Revenues are billed monthly, and payment terms are 30 days; and
Construction work (principally for connections) – revenue is recognized over time as the company provides access to its network. Where the customer pays up front, revenues are deferred as a contract liability or customer contributions (where they relate to government entities) and released over the life of the connection.
New York
The New York segment principally generates revenue by providing electricity and gas supply and distribution services and high-voltage electricity transmission services in New York. Supply and distribution services are regulated by the New York Public Service Commission (NYPSC) and transmission services are regulated by the FERC, both of which regulate the rates that can be charged to customers.
The supply and distribution of electricity and gas and the provision of electricity transmission facilities encompasses the following principal services:
electricity and gas supply and distribution and electricity transmission – revenue is recognized based on usage by customers (over time). Revenues are billed monthly, and payment terms are 30 days; and
construction work (principally for connections) – revenue is recognized over time as the company provides access to its network. Where the customer pays up front, revenues are deferred as a contract liability or customer contributions (where they relate to government entities) and released over the life of the connection.
National Grid Ventures
National Grid Ventures generates revenue from electricity interconnectors, LNG at the Isle of Grain in the U.K. and Providence, Rhode Island in the U.S., NG Renewables and rental income.
The company recognizes revenue from transmission services through interconnectors and LNG importation at the Isle of Grain and Providence by means of customers’ use of capacity and volumes. Revenue is recognized over time and is billed monthly. Payment terms are up to 30 days.
Electricity generation revenue is earned from the provision of energy services and supply capacity to produce energy for the use of customers of LIPA through a power supply agreement, where LIPA receives all the energy and capacity from the asset until at least 2028. The arrangement is treated as an operating lease within the scope of the leasing standard where the company acts as lessor, with rental income being recorded as other revenue, which forms part of total revenue. Lease payments (capacity payments) are recognized on a straight-line basis and variable lease payments are recognized as the energy is generated.
Other revenue in the scope of IFRS 15 principally includes sales of renewables projects from NG Renewables to Emerald Energy Venture LLC (Emerald), which is jointly controlled by National Grid and Washington State Investment Board (WSIB).
Other
Revenue in Other relates to the company’s U.K. commercial property business.
Generation
In the U.S., the company owns and operates fossil fuel electricity generation facilities on Long Island. The company also operates modern solar and battery storage projects with NextEra Energy Resources on Long Island. The company facilitates the connection of energy generation assets to its transmission systems. In 2024/25, the company connected 3,016 MW of renewable capacity to its networks across the U.K. and the U.S. The company has various projects that create waste, such as cleaning up former gas plant sites, retiring old fossil assets and leak-prone equipment, building grid infrastructure and supporting various renewable energy projects.
Electricity Interconnection
Interconnectors are high-voltage cables used to connect the electricity systems of neighbouring countries to allow the trading of excess power and balance supply and demand to maintain security of supply. The company operates six interconnectors linking the U.K. to France, Belgium, Norway, the Netherlands and Denmark. The company sells capacity on its interconnectors to facilitate cross-border flow.
Transmission
The company’s transmission networks transport energy over long distances, safely and efficiently from where it is produced to distribution networks. The company charges generators and distributors for putting energy into and out of its networks.
Distribution and Supply
The company’s distribution networks take high-voltage electricity and high-pressure gas from the transmission networks, and delivers it at lower voltages and reduced pressures to homes and businesses, such that it can be used by consumers. In the U.K. and the U.S., the company delivers electricity. In the U.S., the company also delivers gas and act as a supplier. Through its the U.K electricity distribution service operator, and in the U.S., the company ensures that supply and demand are balanced.
Regulation
The company’s licenses to participate in transmission, distribution and interconnection activities are established under the Electricity Act 1989. The company’s licensed activities are regulated by Ofgem, which has a statutory duty under the Electricity Act 1989 to protect the interests of consumers.
History
National Grid plc was founded in 1990. The company was incorporated in 2000.